In October 2001, the European Commission launched a new series of surveys in the 13 countries that were applying for European Union membership under the heading Candidate Countries Eurobarometer (CCEB). Initially named Applicant Countries Eurobarometer (or AC-EB) the surveys were ordered and co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for Press and Communication (Public Opinion Analysis). The CCEB surveys were carried out in Bulgaria, Republic of Cyprus (with a separate northern Cyprus survey parallel to 2002.2), Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Turkey. After a 4 year gap the CCEB replaced the former Central and Eastern Eurobarometer.