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Intern Health Study Survey Data

URL
https://www.openicpsr.org/openicpsr/project/129225
Description

NIH-funded longitudinal cohort study that assesses stress and mood in medical interns at institutions around the US, enrolling 1500 to 3000 new interns each year. We are hopeful that data collected in this study will further understanding of the psychological, genetic, and program factors involved in the development of depression under stress, and make a real change in the residency experience.

Geographic Coverage:   US

Time Period(s):  4/1/2007 – 7/1/2024

Collection Date(s):  4/1/2007 – 7/1/2008 (2007-2008 Cohort); 4/1/2008 – 7/1/2009 (2008-2009 Cohort); 4/1/2009 – 7/1/2010 (2009-2010 Cohort); 4/1/2010 – 7/1/2011 (2010-2011 Cohort); 4/1/2011 – 7/1/2012 (2011-2012 Cohort); 4/1/2012 – 7/1/2013 (2012-2013 Cohort); 4/1/2013 – 7/1/2014 (2013-2014 Cohort); 4/1/2014 – 7/1/2015 (2014-2015 Cohort); 4/1/2015 – 7/1/2016 (2015-2016 Cohort); 4/1/2016 – 7/1/2017 (2016-2017 Cohort); 4/1/2017 – 7/1/2018 (2017-2018 Cohort); 4/1/2019 – 7/1/2020 (2019-2020 Cohort); 4/1/2020 – 7/1/2021 (2020-2021 Cohort); 4/1/2021 – 7/1/2022 (2021-2022 Cohort); 4/1/2022 – 7/1/2023 (2022-2023 Cohort); 4/1/2023 – 7/1/2024 (2023-2024 Cohort)

Universe:  First year resident physicians at US institutions across all specialties

Data Type(s):  survey data

Response Rate:  Baseline response rate 2007-2023: 50%

Sampling:   Incoming interns at US residency institutions

Data Source:  Pre-internship survey
Quarterly follow-up surveys throughout the intern year 

Collection Mode(s):   web-based survey

Scales:   Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)

Unit(s) of Observation:   Individual

The following publications cite the data in this project.

  • Bowman, Clark, Yitong Huang, Olivia J. Walch, Yu Fang, Elena Frank, Jonathan Tyler, Caleb Mayer, et al. “A Method for Characterizing Daily Physiology from Widely Used Wearables.” Cell Reports Methods 1, no. 4 (August 2021): 100058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmeth.2021.100058.

  • Chen, Lihong, Zhuo Zhao, Zhen Wang, Ying Zhou, Xin Zhou, Hui Pan, Fengtao Shen, et al. “Prevalence and Risk Factors for Depression among Training Physicians in China and the United States.” Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (May 17, 2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12066-y.

  • Cleary, Jennifer L., Yu Fang, Laura B. Zahodne, Amy S.B. Bohnert, Margit Burmeister, and Srijan Sen. “Polygenic Risk and Social Support in Predicting Depression Under Stress.” American Journal of Psychiatry 180, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 139–45. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.21111100.

  • Cleary, Jennifer L., Yu Fang, Srijan Sen, and Zhenke Wu. “A Caveat to Using Wearable Sensor Data for COVID-19 Detection: The Role of Behavioral Change after Receipt of Test Results.” Edited by Alessandro Borri. PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): e0277350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277350.

  • Elharake, Jad A., Elena Frank, David A. Kalmbach, Douglas A. Mata, and Srijan Sen. “Racial and Ethnic Diversity and Depression in Residency Programs: A Prospective Cohort Study.” Journal of General Internal Medicine 35, no. 4 (April 2020): 1325–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-05570-x.

  • Fang, Yu, Amy S.B. Bohnert, Karina Pereira-Lima, Jennifer Cleary, Elena Frank, Zhuo Zhao, Walter Dempsey, and Srijan Sen. “Trends in Depressive Symptoms and Associated Factors During Residency, 2007 to 2019.” Annals of Internal Medicine 175, no. 1 (January 2022): 56–64. https://doi.org/10.7326/m21-1594.

  • Fang, Yu, Daniel B. Forger, Elena Frank, Srijan Sen, and Cathy Goldstein. “Day-to-Day Variability in Sleep Parameters and Depression Risk: A Prospective Cohort Study of Training Physicians.” Npj Digital Medicine 4, no. 1 (December 2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00400-z.

  • Fang, Yu, Laura Scott, Peter Song, Margit Burmeister, and Srijan Sen. “Genomic Prediction of Depression Risk and Resilience under Stress.” Nature Human Behaviour 4, no. 1 (January 2020): 111–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-019-0759-3.

  • Fang, Yu, Sara Lodi, Tasha M. Hughes, Elena Frank, Srijan Sen, and Amy S.B. Bohnert. “Work Hours and Depression in U.S. First-Year Physicians.” New England Journal of Medicine 387, no. 16 (October 20, 2022): 1522–24. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2210365.

  • Fiedorowicz, Jess G., Vicki L. Ellingrod, Mariana J. Kaplan, and Srijan Sen. “The Development of Depressive Symptoms during Medical Internship Stress Predicts Worsening Vascular Function.” Journal of Psychosomatic Research 79, no. 3 (September 2015): 243–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.06.004.

  • Frank, Elena, Zhuo Zhao, Yu Fang, Jennifer L. Cleary, Elizabeth M. Viglianti, Srijan Sen, and Constance Guille. “Trends in Sexual Harassment Prevalence and Recognition During Intern Year.” JAMA Health Forum 5, no. 3 (March 22, 2024): e240139. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2024.0139.

  • Fried, E. I., R. M. Nesse, C. Guille, and S. Sen. “The Differential Influence of Life Stress on Individual Symptoms of Depression.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 131, no. 6 (June 2015): 465–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12395.

  • Fried, E. I., R. M. Nesse, K. Zivin, C. Guille, and S. Sen. “Depression Is More than the Sum Score of Its Parts: Individual DSM Symptoms Have Different Risk Factors.” Psychological Medicine 44, no. 10 (July 2014): 2067–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713002900.

  • Grant, Faren, Constance Guille, and Srijan Sen. “Well-Being and the Risk of Depression under Stress.” Edited by Jerson Laks. PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (July 1, 2013): e67395. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067395.

  • Guille, C., S. Clark, A. B. Amstadter, and S. Sen. “Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Response to Prolonged Stress in Medical Interns.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 129, no. 2 (February 2014): 109–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/acps.12137.

  • Guille, Constance, Elena Frank, Zhuo Zhao, David A. Kalmbach, Paul J. Nietert, Douglas A. Mata, and Srijan Sen. “Work-Family Conflict and the Sex Difference in Depression Among Training Physicians.” JAMA Internal Medicine 177, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 1766. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.5138.

  • Guille, Constance, Heather Speller, Rachel Laff, C. Neill Epperson, and Srijan Sen. “Utilization and Barriers to Mental Health Services Among Depressed Medical Interns: A Prospective Multisite Study.” Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 210–14. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00086.1.

  • Guille, Constance, Heather Speller, Rachel Laff, C. Neill Epperson, and Srijan Sen. “Utilization and Barriers to Mental Health Services Among Depressed Medical Interns: A Prospective Multisite Study.” Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 210–14. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00086.1.

  • Guille, Constance, Heather Speller, Rachel Laff, C. Neill Epperson, and Srijan Sen. “Utilization and Barriers to Mental Health Services Among Depressed Medical Interns: A Prospective Multisite Study.” Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 210–14. https://doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00086.1.

  • Guille, Constance, Zhuo Zhao, John Krystal, Breck Nichols, Kathleen Brady, and Srijan Sen. “Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for the Prevention of Suicidal Ideation in Medical Interns.” JAMA Psychiatry 72, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 1192. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.1880.

  • Horwitz, Adam G., Shane D. Kentopp, Jennifer Cleary, Katherine Ross, Zhenke Wu, Srijan Sen, and Ewa K. Czyz. “Using Machine Learning with Intensive Longitudinal Data to Predict Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Medical Interns over Time.” Psychological Medicine 53, no. 12 (September 2023): 5778–85. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291722003014.

  • Horwitz, Adam G., Zhuo Zhao, and Srijan Sen. “Peak-End Bias in Retrospective Recall of Depressive Symptoms on the PHQ-9.” Psychological Assessment 35, no. 4 (April 2023): 378–81. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001219.

  • Horwitz, Adam, Ewa Czyz, Nadia Al-Dajani, Walter Dempsey, Zhuo Zhao, Inbal Nahum-Shani, and Srijan Sen. “Utilizing Daily Mood Diaries and Wearable Sensor Data to Predict Depression and Suicidal Ideation among Medical Interns.” Journal of Affective Disorders 313 (September 2022): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.06.064.

  • Hughes, Tasha M., Jennifer F. Waljee, Yu Fang, Srijan Sen, and Amy Bohnert. “New-Onset Depression Among Surgical Interns.” JAMA Surgery 157, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 543. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.0618.

  • Kalmbach, David A., J. Todd Arnedt, Peter X. Song, Constance Guille, and Srijan Sen. “Sleep Disturbance and Short Sleep as Risk Factors for Depression and Perceived Medical Errors in First-Year Residents.” Sleep 40, no. 3 (March 1, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw073.

  • Kalmbach, David A., James L. Abelson, J. Todd Arnedt, Zhuo Zhao, Jessica R. Schubert, and Srijan Sen. “Insomnia Symptoms and Short Sleep Predict Anxiety and Worry in Response to Stress Exposure: A Prospective Cohort Study of Medical Interns.” Sleep Medicine 55 (March 2019): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2018.12.001.

  • Kious, Brent M., Amanda Bakian, Joan Zhao, Brian Mickey, Constance Guille, Perry Renshaw, and Srijan Sen. “Altitude and Risk of Depression and Anxiety: Findings from the Intern Health Study.” International Review of Psychiatry 31, no. 7–8 (November 17, 2019): 637–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2019.1586324.

  • Malone, Tyler L., Zhou Zhao, Tzu-Ying Liu, Peter X. K. Song, Srijan Sen, and Laura J. Scott. “Prediction of Suicidal Ideation Risk in a Prospective Cohort Study of Medical Interns.” Edited by Neal Doran. PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (December 2, 2021): e0260620. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260620.

  • Mata, Douglas A., Marco A. Ramos, Michelle M. Kim, Constance Guille, and Srijan Sen. “In Their Own Words.” Academic Medicine 91, no. 9 (September 2016): 1244–50. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000001227.

  • Mayer, Caleb, Jonathan Tyler, Yu Fang, Christopher Flora, Elena Frank, Muneesh Tewari, Sung Won Choi, Srijan Sen, and Daniel B. Forger. “Consumer-Grade Wearables Identify Changes in Multiple Physiological Systems during COVID-19 Disease Progression.” Cell Reports Medicine 3, no. 4 (April 2022): 100601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100601.

  • Mayer, Stefanie E., Nestor L. Lopez-Duran, Srijan Sen, and James L. Abelson. “Chronic Stress, Hair Cortisol and Depression: A Prospective and Longitudinal Study of Medical Internship.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 92 (June 2018): 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.03.020.

  • Meeks, Lisa M., Jennifer Cleary, Adam Horwitz, Karina Pereira-Lima, Zhuo Zhao, Yu Fang, and Srijan Sen. “Analysis of Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Impairment Among Physicians Across Intern Year.” JAMA Network Open 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): e2144919. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.44919.

  • Meeks, Lisa M., Karina Pereira-Lima, Elena Frank, Erene Stergiopoulos, Katherine E.T. Ross, and Srijan Sen. “Program Access, Depressive Symptoms, and Medical Errors Among Resident Physicians With Disability.” JAMA Network Open 4, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): e2141511. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.41511.

  • Patel, Tejal H., Jennifer L. Cleary, Zhuo Zhao, Katherine E. T. Ross, Srijan Sen, and Elena Frank. “Assessment of the Prevalence and Trajectory of Depressive Symptoms by Sexual Orientation During Physician Training.” JAMA Health Forum 3, no. 4 (April 29, 2022): e220812. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.0812.

  • Pereira-Lima, Karina, Lisa M. Meeks, Katherine E. T. Ross, Jasmine R. Marcelin, Lydia Smeltz, Elena Frank, and Srijan Sen. “Barriers to Disclosure of Disability and Request for Accommodations Among First-Year Resident Physicians in the US.” JAMA Network Open 6, no. 5 (May 11, 2023): e239981. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9981.

  • Pereira-Lima, Karina, Rahael R. Gupta, Constance Guille, and Srijan Sen. “Residency Program Factors Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Internal Medicine Interns.” Academic Medicine 94, no. 6 (June 2019): 869–75. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000002567.

  • Ptak, Michelle K., Elena Frank, Katherine E. T. Ross, Jennifer L. Cleary, Srijan Sen, and Karina Pereira-Lima. “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among First-Year Resident Physicians Working Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.” JAMA Network Open 6, no. 8 (August 22, 2023): e2330241. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.30241.

  • Sen, Srijan, Henry R. Kranzler, Aashish K. Didwania, Ann C. Schwartz, Sudha Amarnath, Joseph C. Kolars, Gregory W. Dalack, Breck Nichols, and Constance Guille. “Effects of the 2011 Duty Hour Reforms on Interns and Their Patients.” JAMA Internal Medicine 173, no. 8 (April 22, 2013): 657. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.351.

  • Sen, Srijan, Henry R. Kranzler, John H. Krystal, Heather Speller, Grace Chan, Joel Gelernter, and Constance Guille. “A Prospective Cohort Study Investigating Factors Associated With Depression During Medical Internship.” Archives of General Psychiatry 67, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 557. https://doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.41.

  • Shapiro, Benjamin, Yu Fang, Srijan Sen, and Daniel Forger. “Unraveling the Interplay of Circadian Rhythm and Sleep Deprivation on Mood: A Real-World Study on First-Year Physicians.” Edited by Danilo Pani. PLOS Digital Health 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): e0000439. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000439.

  • Vance, Mary C., Holly B. Herberman Mash, Robert J. Ursano, Zhuo Zhao, Jessica T. Miller, Michael Jeremy D. Clarion, James C. West, Joshua C. Morganstein, Abeer Iqbal, and Srijan Sen. “Exposure to Workplace Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Intern Physicians.” JAMA Network Open 4, no. 6 (June 8, 2021): e2112837. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.12837.

  • Viglianti, Elizabeth M., Andrea L. Oliverio, Karina Pereira-Lima, Elena Frank, Lisa M. Meeks, Srijan Sen, and Amy S. B. Bohnert. “Variation by Institution in Sexual Harassment Experiences Among US Medical Interns.” JAMA Network Open 6, no. 12 (December 26, 2023): e2349129. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.49129.

  • Wang, Jitao, Yu Fang, Elena Frank, Maureen A. Walton, Margit Burmeister, Ambuj Tewari, Walter Dempsey, Timothy NeCamp, Srijan Sen, and Zhenke Wu. “Effectiveness of Gamified Team Competition as MHealth Intervention for Medical Interns: A Cluster Micro-Randomized Trial.” Npj Digital Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 11, 2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00746-y.

Sample
Format
Series - ongoing
Country
United States
Title
Intern Health Study Survey Data
Format
Series - ongoing

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